Carbon and Its Compounds — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Carbon and Its Compounds" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Carbon and Its Compounds" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF…
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Q1: Explain why carbon forms covalent bonds and write electron dot structure for methane (CH₄).
Why carbon forms covalent bonds:
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons (electron configuration 2,4)
• Requires 4 more electrons to complete octet
• Cannot lose/gain 4 electrons (would require high energy)
• Forms 4 covalent bonds by sharing electrons
Electron dot structure of methane (CH₄):
H
|
H—C—H
|
H
Each line represents shared pair (covalent bond)
Carbon shares one electron with each hydrogen
All atoms achieve noble gas configuration (C gets 8e⁻, H gets 2e⁻)
Q2: Define saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with examples. Explain their difference.
Saturated hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon with only single bonds (C-C and C-H).
Examples: Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆), Propane (C₃H₈)
General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Properties: Less reactive, lower density, stable
Unsaturated hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon with one or more double/triple bonds (C=C or C≡C).
Examples: Ethene (C₂H₄), Ethyne (C₂H₂), Benzene (C₆H₆)
Formula: CₙH₂ₙ (alkenes), CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (alkynes)
Properties: More reactive, can undergo addition reactions, decolorizes bromine/KMnO₄
Key difference: Saturati…
Q3: What are functional groups? List 5 functional groups with their structure and class of compound.
Functional group: Atom or group of atoms responsible for chemical properties of organic compound.
Five functional groups:
1. Hydroxyl (-OH): Class = Alcohol; Example = C₂H₅OH (ethanol)
2. Carbonyl (C=O): Class = Aldehyde/Ketone; Example = CH₃CHO (acetaldehyde)
3. Carboxyl (-COOH): Class = Carboxylic acid; Example = CH₃COOH (acetic acid)
4. Amino (-NH₂): Class = Amine; Example = C₂H₅NH₂ (ethylamine)
5. Ether (-O-): Class = Ether; Example = C₂H₅OC₂H₅ (diethyl ether)
Same functional group → simi…
Q4: Write the structures and properties of ethane and ethene. Why is ethene more reactive?
Ethane (C₂H₆) - Saturated:
Structure: H-C-C-H (with 3 H on each C)
| |
Properties: Single C-C bond, least reactive, burns in air, no color
Ethene (C₂H₄) - Unsaturated:
Structure: H H
| = |
C C
| | (double bond between carbons)
Properties: Double C=C bond, more reactive, burns with black smoke, decolorizes bromine solution
Why ethene is more reactive:
1. Double bond (C=C) is stronger than single bond (C-C) → easier to break
2. π-electrons in dou…
Q5: Explain homologous series with properties. Write the homologous series of alkanes up to C₄.
Homologous series: Group of compounds with same general formula, differing by CH₂ unit, showing gradation in properties.
Properties of homologous series:
1. Each member differs by CH₂ unit
2. Same general formula (e.g., CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ for alkanes)
3. Similar chemical properties
4. Gradation in physical properties (melting point, boiling point, density)
5. Successive members differ by 14 in molecular weight
Alkane homologous series (up to C₄):
1. Methane: CH₄ (M = 16)
2. Ethane: C₂H₆ (M = 30)
3. Propa…
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