Carbon and Its Compounds — Class 10 Chemistry NCERT Solutions (Free)

Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 10 Chemistry chapter "Carbon and Its Compounds" — 10 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.

✓ 100% Free ✓ No Login Needed ✓ NCERT / CBSE Aligned ✓ Download as PDF

TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 10 Chemistry chapter "Carbon and Its Compounds" — 10 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE bo…

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 23, 2026

🤖 Stuck on any question? Ask Syllab's free AI Tutor for a step-by-step explanation — instant, unlimited, no login.

Key Questions Covered:

What is covalent bonding? Explain how it differs from ionic bonding with exam…
What are allotropes of carbon? Describe the structure and properties of diamo…
Explain catenation and its significance in carbon chemistry. Why is carbon un…
What is a homologous series? Explain the characteristics of alkanes as a homo…
Explain IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes. Write the IUPAC names for the followi…
What are functional groups? Explain the structures and properties of hydroxyl…
+ 4 more questions in the full chapter

Solutions Summary:

Question	Status
What is covalent bonding? Explain how it differs from ion…	✓ Solved
What are allotropes of carbon? Describe the structure and…	✓ Solved
Explain catenation and its significance in carbon chemist…	✓ Solved
What is a homologous series? Explain the characteristics …	✓ Solved
Explain IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes. Write the IUPAC n…	✓ Solved
What are functional groups? Explain the structures and pr…	✓ Solved

Showing 6 of 10 questions

Q1: What is covalent bonding? Explain how it differs from ionic bonding with examples.

Covalent Bonding: Covalent bonding is the type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Both atoms contribute one or more electrons to the shared pair. The electrons are shared between the nuclei of both atoms. Example: Cl2 molecule Each chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons. Both atoms share one pair of electrons to achieve the stable octet configuration. Cl-Cl (single covalent bond) Difference between Covalent and Ionic Bonding: 1. Electron Transfer vs. Sharing...

Q2: What are allotropes of carbon? Describe the structure and properties of diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene (C60).

Allotropes are different forms of the same element in the same physical state. Carbon exhibits allotropism due to its unique atomic structure and ability to form strong covalent bonds. Diamond: Structure: Each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. Forms a three-dimensional network of very strong C-C covalent bonds throughout the crystal. Properties: - Hardest natural substance on Earth - Transparent and colorless - Does not conduct electricity (electrons...

Q3: Explain catenation and its significance in carbon chemistry. Why is carbon unique in this property?

Catenation: Catenation is the ability of an element to form covalent bonds with atoms of the same element, forming long chains or rings. Carbon exhibits exceptional catenation ability. Significance of Catenation in Carbon Chemistry: 1. Formation of Diverse Structures: Carbon atoms can link with each other in various ways: - Straight chains: C-C-C-C-C - Branched chains: Carbon atoms branching off from main chain - Cyclic structures: Rings of carbon atoms - These different arrangements lead to d...

Q4: What is a homologous series? Explain the characteristics of alkanes as a homologous series.

Homologous Series: A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with similar chemical properties, where each successive member differs from the previous one by a CH2 unit. Members have the same general formula and are arranged in order of increasing molecular weight. Characteristics of a Homologous Series: 1. General Formula: All members have the same general formula For alkanes: CnH2n+2 (where n = 1, 2, 3, ...) 2. Structural Similarity: Each member contains one more carbon atom and tw...

Q5: Explain IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes. Write the IUPAC names for the following: CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10.

IUPAC Nomenclature for Alkanes: IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides systematic rules for naming organic compounds. Rules for Naming Alkanes: 1. Identify the longest carbon chain in the molecule This is called the parent chain. The name is based on the number of carbons in the longest chain 2. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain Number from the end that gives the lowest numbers to substituents 3. Identify and name substituents (alkyl groups...

Q6: What are functional groups? Explain the structures and properties of hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups.

Functional Groups: Functional groups are atoms or groups of atoms bonded in a specific way that give characteristic chemical properties to an organic molecule. They determine the type of reactions that the compound can undergo. A functional group is the reactive part of an organic molecule. The same functional group in different molecules produces similar chemical reactions. Examples of Functional Groups: - Hydroxyl (-OH): Found in alcohols - Carboxyl (-COOH): Found in carboxylic acids - Aldeh...

Showing 6 of 10 questions. Visit the full page for complete solutions.