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DNA vs RNA — Difference (with Table & FAQs)

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information, fundamental to CBSE Class 12 Biology. Understanding their differences is crucial

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TL;DR: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information, fundamental to CBSE Class 12 Biology. Understanding their differences is cr…

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 23, 2026

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The main difference between DNA and RNA: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that store and transmit genetic information, fundamental to CBSE Class 12 Biology. Understanding their differences is crucial

DNA vs RNA — Comparison Table

BasisDNARNA
Full formDeoxyribonucleic acidRibonucleic acid
SugarDeoxyriboseRibose
StructureDouble helixSingle strand (usually)
BasesA, G, C, TA, G, C, U (Uracil instead of Thymine)
FunctionStore genetic informationTransmit genetic information, protein synthesis

Key Points

  • DNA stores genetic information in double helix; RNA transmits it for protein synthesis
  • DNA is stable and long-lasting; RNA is temporary and breaks down quickly
  • Three types of RNA: mRNA (messenger), tRNA (transfer), rRNA (ribosomal)
  • Mutations in DNA are permanent; RNA errors are temporary

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