Control and Coordination Class 10 Science — Revision Notes
This chapter explores how organisms sense their environment and coordinate responses through the nervous and endocrine systems. Students learn about nerve
TL;DR: This chapter explores how organisms sense their environment and coordinate responses through the nervous and endocrine systems. Students learn about n…
Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated
This chapter explores how organisms sense their environment and coordinate responses through the nervous and endocrine systems. Students learn about nerve
Nervous System
- Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system: nerves connecting CNS to body
- Somatic system: controls voluntary movements
- Autonomic system: controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion
Neurons and Nerve Impulses
- Neuron consists of cell body, dendrites, and axon
- Dendrites receive signals, axon transmits signals
- Synapse is gap between neurons where neurotransmitters transmit signals
- Nerve impulse travels as electrical and chemical signals
Reflex Arc
- Reflex is involuntary response to stimulus without conscious thought
- Pathway: receptor -> sensory neuron -> spinal cord -> motor neuron -> effector
- Reflex arc allows quick response protecting body from harm
- Example: touching hot surface causes withdrawal before brain perceives pain
Hormones and Endocrine System
- Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands
- Insulin regulates blood glucose levels
- Thyroid hormone controls metabolism
- Adrenaline prepares body for fight or flight response
Key Terms
- Neurotransmitter: Chemical messenger that transmits signals across synapse
- Hormone: Chemical substance produced by endocrine glands regulating body functions
- Reflex: Involuntary response to stimulus without conscious involvement
Frequently Asked Questions
How does the nervous system control body functions?
Receptors sense stimuli and send signals via sensory neurons to brain/spinal cord. These process information and send signals via motor neurons to muscles causing response.
What is the difference between nervous and endocrine control?
Nervous system provides quick responses via electrical signals, endocrine system provides slower sustained responses via hormones in bloodstream.
More Class 10 Science Revision Notes
- Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Acids Bases and Salts
- Metals and Non-metals
- Carbon and its Compounds
- Life Processes
- How do Organisms Reproduce
🤖 Stuck on any of these? Ask Syllab's free AI Tutor to explain step by step →