Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Science — Revision Notes
This chapter distinguishes between metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Students explore how metals and non-metals react
TL;DR: This chapter distinguishes between metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Students explore how metals and non-metals r…
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This chapter distinguishes between metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties. Students explore how metals and non-metals react
Physical Properties
- Metals: lustrous, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity
- Non-metals: dull, brittle, poor conductors except graphite
- Metals generally have high melting and boiling points
- Non-metals have low melting and boiling points (except carbon)
Chemical Properties and Reactivity
- Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides
- Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides
- Reactivity series: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > C > Zn > Fe > Cu > Hg > Au
- More reactive metals displace less reactive metals from their salts
Reactions with Water and Acids
- Active metals react with water: 2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2
- Metals react with dilute acids: Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 + H2
- Non-metals do not react with water or dilute acids
- Copper and gold do not react with dilute acids
Extraction and Applications
- Metals are extracted from ores through reduction processes
- Iron is extracted from iron oxide using coke and limestone
- Alloys are mixtures of metals: steel, bronze, brass
- Non-metals used for: fertilizers, fuels, disinfectants, medicines
Key Terms
- Malleable: Ability to be hammered into thin sheets
- Ductile: Ability to be drawn into thin wires
- Reactivity Series: Arrangement of metals in order of decreasing reactivity
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Metals have free electrons that can move easily through their structure, allowing electric current to flow.
What is the difference between metals and non-metals?
Metals are lustrous, malleable, ductile, and conduct electricity. Non-metals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors except graphite.
More Class 10 Science Revision Notes
- Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Acids Bases and Salts
- Carbon and its Compounds
- Life Processes
- Control and Coordination
- How do Organisms Reproduce
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