Reproductive Health — Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions (Free)

Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter "Reproductive Health" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.

TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter "Reproductive Health" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam…

By Syllab.in · Updated Jun 14, 2026

Key Questions Covered:

Define contraception. Explain different contraceptive methods.
What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Name at least four STIs and …
What is infertility? Explain the causes of infertility in males and females.
Explain in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technolo…
What is reproductive health? List the measures for promoting reproductive hea…
Explain the hormonal control of female reproduction focusing on feedback mech…
+ 2 more questions in the full chapter

Solutions Summary:

Question	Status
Define contraception. Explain different contraceptive met…	✓ Solved
What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Name at …	✓ Solved
What is infertility? Explain the causes of infertility in…	✓ Solved
Explain in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted r…	✓ Solved
What is reproductive health? List the measures for promot…	✓ Solved
Explain the hormonal control of female reproduction focus…	✓ Solved

Showing 6 of 8 questions

Q1: Define contraception. Explain different contraceptive methods.

Contraception is prevention of conception/pregnancy using various methods and devices. Contraceptive methods: 1. Natural methods: Avoid timing intercourse with ovulation - Rhythm method: avoid intercourse during fertile period (3 days before and after ovulation) - Coitus interruptus: withdrawal before ejaculation - Lactational amenorrhea: exclusive breastfeeding - Reliability: 50-80% 2. Barrier methods: Prevent sperm-egg contact - Condom (male and female): latex sheaths; preven...

Q2: What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Name at least four STIs and explain their causative agents and transmission.

STIs are diseases transmitted through sexual contact with infected person. Caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi. Common STIs: 1. Gonorrhea: - Causative agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (bacterium) - Transmission: sexual contact with infected person - Symptoms: purulent discharge from urethra/vagina, dysuria - Complications: sterility in females (PID), infertility 2. Syphilis: - Causative agent: Treponema pallidum (bacterium) - Transmission: sexual contact, blood trans...

Q3: What is infertility? Explain the causes of infertility in males and females.

Infertility is inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected intercourse in couples of reproductive age. Affects 10-15% of couples globally. Male infertility causes (40% of cases): 1. Azoospermia: absence of sperms due to: - Obstruction of ejaculatory ducts - Undescended testes - Cryptorchidism 2. Oligospermia: low sperm count (<20 million/mL) - Hormonal deficiency (low testosterone, FSH) - Varicocele (varicose veins in scrotum) - Heat exposure 3. Asthenospe...

Q4: Explain in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

ART are procedures helping couples achieve pregnancy when natural conception fails. IVF is most common. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) steps: 1. Ovarian stimulation: FSH injections stimulate multiple follicle development (superovulation) 2. Oocyte retrieval: Mature oocytes collected from ovaries using needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance 3. Sperm collection: Semen collected by masturbation; processed to separate motile sperms 4. In vitro fertilization: Oocytes and sperms mixed in cultu...

Q5: What is reproductive health? List the measures for promoting reproductive health at community level.

Reproductive health is state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing in reproduction, not merely absence of disease or infirmity. Encompasses sexual health, safe contraception, fertility, safe childbirth, and freedom from STIs and infertility. Community-level measures for promoting reproductive health: 1. Education and awareness: - Sex education in schools on anatomy, physiology, contraception, STIs - Health awareness campaigns on reproductive health - Counseling services o...

Q6: Explain the hormonal control of female reproduction focusing on feedback mechanisms.

Female reproduction controlled by hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis with complex feedback mechanisms: 1. Hypothalamus: secretes GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) in episodic pulses (frequency varies with cycle phase) 2. Anterior pituitary: GnRH stimulates release of: - FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): stimulates follicle growth - LH (Luteinizing Hormone): triggers ovulation and maintains corpus luteum 3. Ovarian feedback mechanisms: Follicular phase (negative feedback): ...

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