Biotechnology and Its Applications — Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter "Biotechnology and Its Applications" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.
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TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter "Biotechnology and Its Applications" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for…
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Key Questions Covered:
- What is insulin? How is it produced using genetic engineering?
- What is Bt cotton? How does Bt toxin provide pest resistance?
- Explain gene therapy. Give an example of a genetic disease treated by gene th…
- What are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)? Give examples and discuss the…
- Explain DNA fingerprinting and its applications in forensics.
- What is CRISPR-Cas9? How does it function as a gene-editing tool?
- + 2 more questions in the full chapter
Solutions Summary:
| Question | Status |
|---|---|
| What is insulin? How is it produced using genetic enginee… | ✓ Solved |
| What is Bt cotton? How does Bt toxin provide pest resista… | ✓ Solved |
| Explain gene therapy. Give an example of a genetic diseas… | ✓ Solved |
| What are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)? Give exam… | ✓ Solved |
| Explain DNA fingerprinting and its applications in forens… | ✓ Solved |
| What is CRISPR-Cas9? How does it function as a gene-editi… | ✓ Solved |
Showing 6 of 8 questions
Q1: What is insulin? How is it produced using genetic engineering?
Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). It regulates blood glucose levels and is essential for glucose metabolism.
NATURAL INSULIN:
- Protein hormone with 51 amino acids
- Two polypeptide chains (A chain: 21 amino acids, B chain: 30 amino acids)
- Connected by disulfide bonds
- Produced by pancreas in response to high blood glucose
- Promotes glucose uptake by cells, glycogen synthesis, and fat storage
PRODUCTION BY GENETIC ENGINEERING (Using E....
Q2: What is Bt cotton? How does Bt toxin provide pest resistance?
Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton plant that contains genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), making it resistant to insect pests.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (Bt):
- Gram-positive soil bacterium
- Naturally produces insecticidal proteins
- Produces crystalline (Cry) proteins that are toxic to specific insects
- Different Cry proteins target different pests
- Non-toxic to humans, plants, and mammals
Bt TOXIN MECHANISM:
1. CRYSTAL PROTEIN STRUCTURE:
- Bt produces Cry proteins...
Q3: Explain gene therapy. Give an example of a genetic disease treated by gene therapy.
Gene therapy is a medical technique that involves introducing genetic material into a patient's cells to treat, cure, or prevent disease. It corrects defective genes or provides new genetic functions.
TYPES OF GENE THERAPY:
1. SOMATIC GENE THERAPY:
- Targets body cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Genetic changes are not inherited
- Affects only treated individual
- Most gene therapy today is somatic
- Ethically less controversial
2. GERMLINE GENE THERAPY:
- Targets reproductive cells (egg, spe...
Q4: What are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)? Give examples and discuss their advantages and concerns.
GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to introduce traits that do not occur naturally through traditional breeding. The aim is to improve crop/organism characteristics.
Q5: Explain DNA fingerprinting and its applications in forensics.
DNA fingerprinting (DNA profiling) is a technique used to identify and distinguish individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. Each person (except identical twins) has a unique DNA sequence, making this a powerful identification tool.
Q6: What is CRISPR-Cas9? How does it function as a gene-editing tool?
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing technology derived from bacterial immune systems. It allows precise editing of DNA sequences in living organisms.
Showing 6 of 8 questions. Visit the full page for complete solutions.
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