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Heredity and Evolution (10 Science)

Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through genes. Evolution explains the diversity of life through natural selection and adap

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TL;DR: Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through genes. Evolution explains the diversity of life through natural selection and…

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Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through genes. Evolution explains the diversity of life through natural selection and adap

Heredity and Evolution MCQs with Answers & Explanations

Q1. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?

  1. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
  2. Charles Darwin ✓ (correct)
  3. Gregor Mendel
  4. Alfred Russel Wallace

Q2. A gene is:

  1. A chromosome
  2. A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or trait ✓ (correct)
  3. A protein
  4. A cell nucleus

Q3. In a monohybrid cross of Aa x Aa, what is the probability of the recessive phenotype?

  1. 25% ✓ (correct)
  2. 50%
  3. 75%
  4. 100%

Q4. DNA stands for:

  1. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
  2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid ✓ (correct)
  3. Diribonucleic Acid
  4. Deoxyribose Nitrogen Acid

Q5. The process by which organisms adapt to their environment over generations is called:

  1. Mutation
  2. Natural selection ✓ (correct)
  3. Variation
  4. Inheritance

Q6. Which of the following is evidence for evolution?

  1. Fossil records
  2. Comparative anatomy
  3. DNA similarity in organisms
  4. All of the above ✓ (correct)

Q7. A dominant trait is one that:

  1. Always appears in offspring
  2. Appears in both parents
  3. Masks the recessive trait in heterozygotes ✓ (correct)
  4. Requires two copies of the allele

Q8. The variation in organisms is caused by:

  1. Only mutation
  2. Only environmental factors
  3. Both genetic variation and environmental factors ✓ (correct)
  4. Only genetic factors

Q9. If an organism has the genotype AaBb, how many different gametes can it produce?

  1. 2
  2. 4 ✓ (correct)
  3. 8
  4. 16

Q10. Vestigial structures in organisms are evidence for:

  1. Divine creation
  2. Lamarckian evolution
  3. Common ancestry ✓ (correct)
  4. Spontaneous generation

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., Aa), while phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from the genotype and environment (e.g., brown eyes).

How does natural selection drive evolution?

Organisms with traits advantageous in their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, passing those traits to offspring. Over many generations, advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to evolutionary change.

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