Heredity and Evolution — Karnataka (SSLC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Karnataka (SSLC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Heredity and Evolution" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
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TL;DR: Free step-by-step Karnataka (SSLC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Heredity and Evolution" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF f…
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Q1: What is heredity? Give Mendel's law of segregation.
Heredity is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring through genes. Mendel's law of segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation, and each gamete receives only one allele of each gene pair. During fertilization, alleles recombine in the offspring.
Q2: Define a gene. What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
A gene is a unit of heredity located on a chromosome that controls a specific trait. Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele (A) is present. Recessive traits appear only when both alleles are recessive (aa). In Aa, the dominant trait shows.
Q3: What is natural selection? How does it lead to evolution?
Natural selection is the process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully. Over many generations, beneficial traits accumulate in populations while unfavorable traits decrease, causing species to change and adapt to their environment, leading to evolution.
Q4: If both parents are Aa for a trait, what is the probability of getting a homozygous recessive child?
Step 1: Cross Aa × Aa
Step 2: Punnett square shows: AA (1/4), Aa (2/4), aa (1/4)
Step 3: Probability of homozygous recessive (aa) = 1/4 or 25%
Q5: Explain the difference between variation and mutation.
Variation refers to differences in traits among individuals due to genes and environment; it's pre-existing. Mutation is a sudden, random change in DNA sequences that creates new genetic material. Mutations are one source of variation in populations.
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