What is Oxidation? Definition, Meaning & Example
The loss of electrons by an atom or molecule, usually accompanied by an increase in oxidation state.
TL;DR: The loss of electrons by an atom or molecule, usually accompanied by an increase in oxidation state.
Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated
Oxidation: The loss of electrons by an atom or molecule, usually accompanied by an increase in oxidation state.
Explanation
Oxidation was originally defined as combination with oxygen, but the modern definition involves electron transfer. In oxidation reactions, a substance loses electrons and its oxidation state increases. Oxidation always occurs with reduction, where another substance gains those electrons. These coupled reactions are called redox reactions. Oxidation can damage cells and tissues through oxidative stress, which is why antioxidants in fruits are beneficial. Combustion, rusting of iron, and breathing are all oxidation reactions occurring in daily life.
Example
When iron rusts, it oxidizes by losing electrons to oxygen. The iron's oxidation state increases from 0 to +2 or +3, while oxygen is reduced by gaining electrons.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is oxidation always harmful?
No, oxidation is a necessary chemical process. While oxidative stress can be harmful, many beneficial oxidation reactions occur in our bodies, like energy production.
Can oxidation occur without oxygen?
Yes, modern chemistry defines oxidation as the loss of electrons, not specifically loss to oxygen. Oxidation can occur with other elements like sulfur and chlorine.
More Chemistry Terms
🤖 Stuck on any of these? Ask Syllab's free AI Tutor to explain step by step →