Learn Java Free — Tutorials & Practice for Students

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TL;DR: Free Java tutorials, examples and coding practice for Indian students. Beginner to advanced, with an in-browser editor and AI feedback — no cost.

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Free Java course: 50 lessons, from the basics through to the advanced topics interviewers actually ask about. Every lesson is free, needs no sign-up, and runs in your browser with an editor and instant AI feedback.

Java Course Syllabus — 50 Lessons

Work through them in order, or jump to the topic you need. 50 lessons include worked explanations and runnable examples.

Getting Started

• Introduction to Java — Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
• Variables & Data Types — Java is a statically-typed language — every variable must have a declared type.
• Operators & Expressions — Java provides several categories of operators: arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %), relational (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=), logical (&&, ||, !), assignment (=, +=, -=, *=, /=), and bitwise (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>).
• Scanner — Reading User Input — The Scanner class (java.util.Scanner) reads input from various sources: System.in (keyboard), files, or strings.

Control Flow

• If/Else, Switch & Loops — Control flow statements determine the order in which your code executes.

Arrays & Methods

• Arrays & Methods — An array in Java is a fixed-size container that holds multiple values of the same type.
• 2D Arrays & Matrix Operations — A 2D array in Java is an array of arrays.

Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes & Objects — Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is the foundation of Java.
• Inheritance & Polymorphism — Inheritance allows a class (child/subclass) to acquire the fields and methods of another class (parent/superclass).
• Interfaces and Abstract Classes — An interface in Java is a contract — it defines what methods a class MUST implement, without specifying how.
• Inner & Nested Classes — Java allows classes to be defined inside other classes.
• Records — Immutable Data Classes (Java 16+) — Records (Java 16+) are concise immutable data classes.

Error Handling

• Exception Handling — try, catch, finally — An exception is an unexpected event that disrupts normal program flow: dividing by zero, accessing a null reference, reading a file that doesn't exist.

Collections

• ArrayList and HashMap — Java Collections — Java Collections Framework provides pre-built data structures.
• Comparable & Comparator — Comparable<T> (java.lang.Comparable) defines the natural ordering of a class.
• LinkedList — Doubly Linked List — java.util.LinkedList is a doubly linked list that implements both List and Deque interfaces.
• Stack & Queue (Deque) — Stack (LIFO — Last In First Out): the last element added is the first removed.
• HashSet & TreeSet — A Set stores unique elements — no duplicates allowed.
• TreeMap — Sorted Key-Value Store — TreeMap<K,V> is a Map implementation that stores key-value pairs in sorted key order (natural order or custom Comparator).
• Collections Utility Methods — The java.util.Collections class provides static utility methods for working with collections: sorting, searching, shuffling, filling, copying, finding min/max, and creating immutable/synchronized wrappers.
• PriorityQueue — Min/Max Heap — PriorityQueue is a min-heap by default — poll() always returns the smallest element.
• Iterator & Iterable — Iterator<T> defines a standard way to traverse a collection: hasNext() checks if more elements remain, next() returns the next element, remove() removes the last returned element.

Mini Projects

• Mini Project — Banking System in Java — A Banking System is one of the most classic Java projects — it uses OOP, exception handling, ArrayList, and all the core concepts together.
• Mini Project: Student Management System — A Student Management System is a classic Java project that combines: OOP (classes, encapsulation), Collections (ArrayList, HashMap), sorting (Comparable/Comparator), and file I/O or console interaction.
• Mini Project: Quiz Application — A Quiz Application combines: OOP (Question class, Quiz class), Collections (ArrayList for questions), control flow (looping through questions), and user input (Scanner).

Java Fundamentals

• Strings & String Methods — Strings in Java are objects of the String class — immutable (cannot be changed).
• Math Class & Utility Methods — The java.lang.Math class provides static utility methods for mathematical operations.
• Wrapper Classes & Autoboxing — Every primitive type in Java has a corresponding Wrapper class: int → Integer, double → Double, boolean → Boolean, char → Character, long → Long, etc.
• Enumerations (enum) — An enum (enumeration) defines a fixed set of named constants.
• Varargs & Variable Arguments — Varargs (variable arguments) allow a method to accept any number of arguments of a specified type.
• var — Local Variable Type Inference — Java 10 introduced var for local variable type inference.
• Switch Expressions (Java 14+) — Java 14 made switch expressions standard.
• Text Blocks (Java 15+) — Text blocks (Java 15+) are multi-line string literals surrounded by triple double-quotes """.
• Static Members & Utility Classes — Static members (fields and methods) belong to the class itself, not to any instance.

Java Advanced

• Generics — Generics allow you to write code that works with any type, specified at compile time.
• Lambda Expressions & Streams — Lambda expressions (Java 8+) are anonymous functions: (params) -> expression.
• Multithreading — Java supports multithreading natively — multiple threads run concurrently within the same process, sharing memory.
• File I/O — Java's java.io and java.nio packages provide classes for reading and writing files.
• Optional — Null-Safe Code — Optional<T> (java.util.Optional) is a container that may or may not hold a non-null value.
• Regular Expressions — Regular expressions (regex) are patterns for matching, searching, and manipulating text.
• Date & Time API (java.time) — Java 8 introduced the java.time package — a modern, immutable, thread-safe date/time API.
• Method References — A method reference is a shorthand for a lambda expression that calls a single existing method.
• Functional Interfaces — A functional interface has exactly one abstract method.
• Pattern Matching & instanceof (Java 16+) — Java 16 introduced pattern matching for instanceof.

Algorithms

• Recursion — Recursion is a technique where a method calls itself to solve a smaller version of the same problem.
• Sorting Algorithms — Bubble Sort: repeatedly swaps adjacent elements if in wrong order.
• Binary Search — Binary search finds an element in a sorted array in O(log n) time by repeatedly halving the search space.

Design Patterns

• Design Pattern: Singleton — The Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global access point to it.
• Design Pattern: Factory — The Factory pattern provides a way to create objects without specifying the exact class.
• Design Pattern: Builder — The Builder pattern constructs complex objects step by step.

Who this Java course is for

School and college students in India starting from zero, and anyone revising Java for placements, board practicals or a project. There is no prerequisite beyond being able to type — the first lessons assume no programming background at all.

How to study this course

1. Read the lesson, then run the example in the built-in editor before moving on — reading code is not the same as writing it.
2. Try the practice task at the end of each lesson. Getting it wrong and fixing it is where the learning happens.
3. When you are stuck, ask the free AI Tutor to explain that specific line rather than skipping ahead.

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