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Cell Structure and Function (8 Science)

This MCQ chapter covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, organelles, and their functions. Master the structure of plant and animal cells to excel

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TL;DR: This MCQ chapter covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, organelles, and their functions. Master the structure of plant and animal cells to e…

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 23, 2026

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This MCQ chapter covers the fundamental concepts of cell biology, organelles, and their functions. Master the structure of plant and animal cells to excel

Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers & Explanations

Q1. Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell?

  1. Nucleus
  2. Mitochondria ✓ (correct)
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Ribosome

Q2. What is the main function of the nucleus?

  1. Energy production
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. DNA storage and regulation of cellular activities ✓ (correct)
  4. Photosynthesis

Q3. Which of the following is found only in plant cells?

  1. Mitochondria
  2. Centrioles
  3. Chloroplast ✓ (correct)
  4. Ribosomes

Q4. What does the cell membrane control?

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Movement of substances in and out of the cell ✓ (correct)
  3. DNA replication
  4. Protein storage

Q5. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

  1. Golgi apparatus
  2. Ribosome ✓ (correct)
  3. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Q6. What is the main component of the cell wall in plant cells?

  1. Protein
  2. Lipid
  3. Cellulose ✓ (correct)
  4. Starch

Q7. Which organelle stores water, nutrients, and waste in plant cells?

  1. Nucleus
  2. Vacuole ✓ (correct)
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Mitochondria

Q8. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  1. Synthesis of lipids
  2. Synthesis of proteins for secretion ✓ (correct)
  3. Storage of calcium
  4. Detoxification

Q9. Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of harmful substances?

  1. Ribosome
  2. Lysosome ✓ (correct)
  3. Centrosome
  4. Golgi apparatus

Q10. What is the function of centrioles in animal cells?

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Help in cell division ✓ (correct)
  4. Storage of water

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (animals, plants, fungi), while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles (bacteria, archaea). Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger.

How do plant and animal cells differ?

Plant cells have cell wall, large vacuole, and chloroplasts, while animal cells lack these structures. Animal cells have centrioles which plant cells lack. Both have cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

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