Transportation — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Transportation" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Transportation" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board…
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Q1: Define transportation. Explain why transportation is essential in multicellular organisms.
Transportation: Movement of substances (nutrients, gases, hormones, waste) from one part of organism to another.
Why transportation is essential in multicellular organisms:
1. Distance: Cells in interior cannot directly access oxygen (lungs) or nutrients (digestive system)
• Requires transport from external environment to deep tissues
2. Nutrient distribution:
• Digestive system absorbs glucose, amino acids
• Blood carries to all cells for energy, growth, repair
3. Oxygen delivery:
…
Q2: Describe the human circulatory system. Name the four chambers of heart and blood vessels.
Human circulatory system:
Heart (4 chambers):
1. Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from body (via vena cava)
2. Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs (via pulmonary artery)
3. Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs (via pulmonary vein)
4. Left ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to body (via aorta); thickest wall
Blood vessels:
1. Arteries: Carry blood AWAY from heart; thick muscular walls; withstand high pressure; no valves
2. Capillaries: Microscopic; site of ga…
Q3: Explain the cardiac cycle and mention the heart sounds. What is normal pulse rate?
Cardiac cycle: One complete sequence of heart contraction and relaxation (~0.8 seconds at 75 bpm)
Phases:
1. Atrial systole (0.1 s): Atria contract → blood pushed into ventricles
• Ventricles relaxed → filling
2. Ventricular systole (0.3 s): Ventricles contract → blood pushed into arteries
• Tricuspid and mitral valves close → 'S1' sound (lubb)
• Aortic and pulmonary valves open
3. Ventricular diastole (0.4 s): All chambers relax → blood enters atria
• Aortic and pulmonary valves…
Q4: Explain blood pressure. What is normal blood pressure and what causes high blood pressure?
Blood pressure (BP): Force exerted by blood on artery walls; measured in mmHg.
Recorded as: Systolic/Diastolic
• Systolic: Pressure when ventricles contract (maximum)
• Diastolic: Pressure when ventricles relax (minimum)
Normal blood pressure:
• Ideal: 120/80 mmHg
• Elevated: 120-129/<80 mmHg
• Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
• Stage 2 hypertension: ≥140/≥90 mmHg
Causes of high blood pressure (hypertension):
1. Increased cardiac output: Heart pumps more forcefully
2. Increased v…
Q5: Describe the composition of blood and functions of each component.
Blood composition:
1. Plasma (55% of blood volume):
Components: Water (90%), proteins, glucose, ions, hormones, vitamins
Functions: Transports nutrients, hormones, waste; maintains osmotic pressure; buffers pH
2. Red blood cells/Erythrocytes (45% of blood volume):
• No nucleus (mature mammalian RBCs)
• Biconcave disc shape → large surface area
• Contains hemoglobin → binds O₂
• Functions: Transport oxygen to tissues; transport some CO₂
• Count: 4.5-5.5 million per mL blood…
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