Structure of Atom — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Structure of Atom" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Structure of Atom" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for boa…
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Q1: State Dalton's atomic theory. Name two points.
Dalton's Atomic Theory:
1. All matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties; atoms of different elements differ.
3. Compounds form when atoms combine in fixed, simple whole-number ratios.
4. Chemical reactions involve rearrangement of atoms; atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
Q2: Describe Rutherford's atomic model with a diagram description.
Rutherford's Model:
• Atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus at center containing protons.
• Electrons orbit nucleus in circular paths (shells) at specific distances.
• Most of atom is empty space.
• Electrons experience centripetal force from nuclear charge.
Drawback: Model cannot explain electron stability (electrons should spiral into nucleus)
Q3: What are the four quantum numbers? Explain principal quantum number (n).
Four quantum numbers describe electron position in atom:
1. Principal quantum number (n): Determines energy level and size of orbit. n = 1,2,3,... (valence shell distance from nucleus)
2. Angular momentum quantum number (l): Determines subshell shape (s, p, d, f orbitals). l = 0,1,2,...(n-1)
3. Magnetic quantum number (m): Determines orientation of orbital in space.
4. Spin quantum number (s): Represents electron spin direction (+1/2 or -1/2)
Q4: Define valency. How is valency related to electron configuration?
Valency: Combining capacity of an element, equal to number of electrons lost/gained/shared to form bonds.
Relation to electron configuration: Elements combine to achieve stable configuration (usually 8 electrons in valence shell, or 2 for H/He).
Example: Cl has 7 valence electrons, needs 1 more → valency = 1 (gains 1 electron)
Na has 1 valence electron, loses it → valency = 1 (loses 1 electron)
Q5: Compare Bohr's model with Rutherford's model. Name one difference.
Rutherford's Model: Electrons orbit in circular paths with any radius. Does NOT explain stability of atoms.
Bohr's Model: Electrons orbit only in specific circular paths (quantized orbits) with definite energy. Explains hydrogen spectrum and atom stability.
Key difference: Bohr introduced concept of quantization (discrete energy levels), fixing electron orbits.
Bohr's model works for hydrogen but not for complex multi-electron atoms
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