Human Eye and Colourful World — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Human Eye and Colourful World" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
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Human Eye and Colourful World — Textbook Questions Answered (7)
Q1: Draw and label the structure of human eye. Name three main parts.
Human eye main parts:
1. Cornea: Transparent front layer, refracts light
2. Lens: Biconvex, adjustable focal length for accommodation
3. Retina: Light-sensitive layer at back, contains rods and cones, converts light to nerve signals
Other parts: Iris (controls pupil), ciliary muscles (adjust lens), optic nerve (sends signals to brain)
Q2: What is accommodation of the eye? How does it work?
Accommodation: Ability of eye to focus on objects at different distances.
Mechanism: Ciliary muscles contract to change the shape of lens.
For near objects: Ciliary muscles contract → lens becomes thicker → focal length decreases → image focuses on retina
For distant objects: Ciliary muscles relax → lens becomes thinner → focal length increases → image focuses on retina
Q3: What is myopia? How is it corrected?
Myopia (short-sightedness): Far objects appear blurred, near objects clear.
Cause: Eyeball too long OR cornea too curved → images form in front of retina
Correction: Concave lens (diverging) placed in front of eye.
Concave lens diverges rays before entering eye, shifting focus point back to retina.
Prescription uses negative power (e.g., -2.5 D)
Q4: Define hypermetropia and its correction.
Hypermetropia (long-sightedness): Near objects appear blurred, far objects clear.
Cause: Eyeball too short OR cornea too flat → images form behind retina
Correction: Convex lens (converging) placed in front of eye.
Convex lens converges rays before entering eye, shifting focus point forward to retina.
Prescription uses positive power (e.g., +2.5 D)
Q5: What is dispersion of white light? Name the seven colors in order.
Dispersion: Splitting of white light into constituent colors (spectrum) due to different refractive indices for different wavelengths.
Caused by: Prism or water droplets (rainbows)
Seven colors in order (VIBGYOR): Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red
Violet has smallest wavelength (bends most), Red has largest wavelength (bends least)
Q6: Explain Rayleigh scattering. Why is the sky blue and sunset red?
Rayleigh scattering: Scattering of light by particles much smaller than wavelength.
Intensity ∝ 1/λ⁴ (inversely proportional to fourth power of wavelength)
Blue light (shorter wavelength) scatters more than red light.
Sky appears blue: Blue light from sun scatters most in atmosphere during daytime.
Sunset appears red: At sunset, light travels long distance through atmosphere, blue scattered away, leaving red/orange light to reach observer
Q7: What is astigmatism and how is it different from myopia?
Astigmatism: Defect where eye cannot focus both horizontal and vertical lines simultaneously.
Cause: Cornea or lens has different curvatures in different planes (oval shape).
Difference from myopia: Myopia = unable to see far objects (whole image blurred). Astigmatism = unable to focus all lines equally (partial blur).
Correction: Cylindrical lens (corrects one plane) or toric lens
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