Electric Current — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)

Ohm's Law states: V = I × R, where V is potential difference (Volts), I is current (Amperes), and R is resistance (Ohms). Meaning: At constant temperature, the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The ratio V/I remains constant for a given conductor and is called its resistance. Mathematically: R = V/I

Step 1: Given R = 10 Ω, V = 50 V Step 2: Use Ohm's Law: V = I × R Step 3: Rearrange: I = V/R = 50/10 = 5 A Answer: Current = 5 Amperes

Resistance is the opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current through it. Unit: Ohm (Ω). Three factors affecting resistance: 1. Length of conductor (L): Resistance ∝ L (longer wire = higher resistance) 2. Cross-sectional area (A): Resistance ∝ 1/A (thicker wire = lower resistance) 3. Nature of material (ρ): Different materials have different resistivity values Formula: R = ρL/A

Step 1: Given V = 220 V, I = 2 A Step 2: Power formula: P = V × I Step 3: P = 220 × 2 = 440 W Answer: Power consumed = 440 Watts Alternative: Using P = I²R or P = V²/R if R is known

Series Circuit: • Components connected end-to-end in single path • Same current flows through all components • Total resistance: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃... • If one breaks, entire circuit breaks Parallel Circuit: • Components connected with multiple paths • Same voltage across all components • Total resistance: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃... • If one breaks, others still work