Acids Bases and Salts — Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Telangana (SSC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Acids Bases and Salts" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
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Acids Bases and Salts — Textbook Questions Answered (7)
Q1: Define acid and base according to Arrhenius theory.
Acid: A substance that produces H⁺ ions (or H₃O⁺) when dissolved in water.
Example: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻
Base: A substance that produces OH⁻ ions when dissolved in water.
Example: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻
Arrhenius definitions apply only in aqueous solutions
Q2: What is pH? Write pH values for acidic, neutral, and basic solutions.
pH = -log₁₀[H⁺ concentration]
It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Acidic solution: pH < 7 (example: pH = 2 for HCl)
Neutral solution: pH = 7 (pure water)
Basic/Alkaline solution: pH > 7 (example: pH = 10 for NaOH)
Range: 0-14 (pH scale)
Q3: Distinguish between strong and weak acids with examples.
Strong acid: Completely ionizes in water, produces many H⁺ ions.
Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
Weak acid: Partially ionizes in water, produces few H⁺ ions.
Examples: CH₃COOH (acetic acid), H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid)
Strong acids have lower pH than weak acids of same concentration
Q4: What happens when an acid reacts with a base? Name the products.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralization reaction)
Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Here: HCl is acid, NaOH is base
Products: NaCl is salt (neutral), H₂O is water
The H⁺ from acid combines with OH⁻ from base to form water
Q5: Define salt. Give three examples of salts.
Salt: An ionic compound formed by neutralization of an acid with a base.
Composition: Positive ions (cations) from base + negative ions (anions) from acid.
Examples:
1. NaCl (sodium chloride) from HCl + NaOH
2. CuSO₄ (copper sulfate) from H₂SO₄ + Cu(OH)₂
3. KNO₃ (potassium nitrate) from HNO₃ + KOH
Q6: What is the action of universal indicator on acids, bases, and neutral solutions?
Universal indicator is a mixture of dyes that shows different colors at different pH values.
With acid (pH < 7): Red/orange color
With neutral solution (pH = 7): Green color
With base (pH > 7): Blue/violet color
The color change helps identify if solution is acidic, basic, or neutral
Q7: Why is HCl a strong acid while CH₃COOH is a weak acid?
HCl: Completely ionizes: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ (strong acid)
CH₃COOH: Partially ionizes: CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺ (weak acid, equilibrium symbol)
HCl produces more H⁺ ions per molecule, making it strongly acidic.
CH₃COOH produces fewer H⁺ ions, remaining partially unionized in solution
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