Classification of Plants — Maharashtra (SSC) Class 9 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Maharashtra (SSC) Class 9 Science solutions for "Classification of Plants" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step Maharashtra (SSC) Class 9 Science solutions for "Classification of Plants" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF…
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Q1: Classify the plant kingdom into two major groups. Define cryptogams.
Plant kingdom → Cryptogams (hidden reproduction) and Phanerogams (visible reproduction). Cryptogams: No flowers/seeds; reproduce via spores. Include: (1) Algae (chlorophyll present), (2) Fungi (no chlorophyll), (3) Bryophytes (mosses/liverworts), (4) Pteridophytes (ferns). Example: Fern, moss, mushroom.
Q2: Define phanerogams and list their main characteristics.
Phanerogams: Plants with flowers and seeds (visible reproduction). Characteristics: (1) Presence of flowers (reproductive organs), (2) Produce seeds inside fruits, (3) Have xylem and phloem, (4) Well-developed root and shoot system. Two groups: Gymnosperms (naked seeds) and Angiosperms (seeds in fruits). Examples: Pine, mango, wheat.
Q3: Differentiate between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Gymnosperms: Seeds exposed/naked (not enclosed in fruit). No flowers. Mostly trees (pine, deodar). Angiosperms: Seeds enclosed in fruits. Have flowers and fruits. Include herbs, shrubs, trees (mango, rose, wheat). Angiosperms are more evolved and dominant on Earth. Both are vascular plants with xylem and phloem.
Q4: What are bryophytes? Give two characteristics and two examples.
Bryophytes: Primitive cryptogams, mostly small plants living in moist habitats. Characteristics: (1) No vascular tissue (no xylem/phloem), (2) Reproduce via spores, (3) Need water for fertilization, (4) Thalloid/leafy body. Examples: Moss (Funaria), Liverwort (Marchantia). Mosses form green carpet-like patches on rocks/soil.
Q5: Define pteridophytes and explain their significance.
Pteridophytes: Cryptogams with vascular tissue (xylem/phloem). Include ferns. Characteristics: (1) Reproduce via spores, (2) Needle-like/feather-like leaves (fronds), (3) Need water for reproduction, (4) Root-stem-leaf system present. Significance: Link between bryophytes (non-vascular) and phanerogams (seed-producing); show evolution of vascular tissue; many are ornamental.
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