Light Reflection and Refraction — Karnataka (SSLC) Class 10 Science Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step Karnataka (SSLC) Class 10 Science solutions for "Light Reflection and Refraction" — important questions with detailed answers, download PDF for board exam preparation.
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Light Reflection and Refraction — Textbook Questions Answered (7)
Q1: State the laws of reflection of light.
Law 1: The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (∠i = ∠r). Law 2: The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. These laws apply to all smooth reflecting surfaces.
Q2: What is the focal length of a mirror? Derive the mirror formula.
Focal length (f) is the distance from the mirror's pole (P) to its focus (F). Mirror formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v, where u = object distance, v = image distance, f = focal length. For a concave mirror, f is positive; for convex, f is negative.
Q3: An object of height 5 cm is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. Find image distance and magnification.
Step 1: Given u = 30 cm, f = 10 cm, h = 5 cm
Step 2: Use 1/f = 1/u + 1/v → 1/10 = 1/30 + 1/v → v = 15 cm
Step 3: Magnification m = -v/u = -15/30 = -0.5
Step 4: Image is real, inverted, 2.5 cm tall, 15 cm from mirror
Q4: Explain refraction of light. State Snell's law and define refractive index.
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to change in speed. Snell's law: n₁sinθ₁ = n₂sinθ₂, where n is refractive index, θ is angle from normal. Refractive index n = c/v (speed of light in vacuum / speed in medium).
Q5: What is critical angle? Explain total internal reflection.
Critical angle (θc) is the angle of incidence beyond which total internal reflection occurs: sinθc = 1/n. Total internal reflection is when light traveling from denser to rarer medium is completely reflected back at the interface (no refraction) when angle exceeds θc.
Q6: A light ray enters a denser medium from air at 45°. If refractive index is 1.5, find the refraction angle.
Step 1: Given θ₁ = 45°, n₁ = 1, n₂ = 1.5
Step 2: Apply Snell's law: 1×sin45° = 1.5×sinθ₂
Step 3: 0.707 = 1.5×sinθ₂ → sinθ₂ = 0.471
Step 4: θ₂ = 28.1° (light bends toward normal)
Q7: Compare concave and convex mirrors in terms of focal length, image formation, and applications.
Concave: f positive, converging mirror, forms real/virtual images (depending on u), used in telescopes, torches, headlights. Convex: f negative, diverging mirror, always forms virtual, upright, diminished image, used in rear-view mirrors, store security. Convex has wider field of view.
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