Crop Production and Management — Class 8 Science NCERT Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter "Crop Production and Management" — 6 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science chapter "Crop Production and Management" — 6 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE…
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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science — Crop Production and Management. Step-by-step answers to all 6 textbook questions from this chapter, written for CBSE board preparation and free to use.
Crop Production and Management — All 6 Questions Solved
Q1. फसल उत्पादन में मिट्टी की क्या भूमिका है?
मिट्टी फसल उत्पादन की नींव है। यह पौधों को पोषक तत्व, जल और हवा प्रदान करती है। अच्छी मिट्टी में जैव पदार्थ होते हैं जो पौधों के विकास में सहायक हैं। मिट्टी की गुणवत्ता फसल की गुणवत्ता निर्धारित करती है। मिट्टी परीक्षण से सही पोषक तत्वों का ज्ञान मिलता है।
Q2. बीज बोने से पहले कौन सी तैयारी की जाती है?
बीज बोने से पहले खेत को अच्छे से तैयार किया जाता है। खरपतवार हटाने के लिए खेत की गहरी खुदाई की जाती है। मिट्टी को समतल किया जाता है। कम्पोस्ट या गोबर की खाद मिलाई जाती है। बीज का चुनाव सावधानीपूर्वक किया जाता है। स्वस्थ और शुद्ध बीज का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Q3. सिंचाई का सही समय क्या है?
सिंचाई का समय पौधे की प्रकृति और जलवायु पर निर्भर करता है। गेहूँ, आलू जैसी फसलों को नियमित सिंचाई की जरूरत होती है। गर्मी के समय सिंचाई अधिक बार की जाती है। सर्दी में कम सिंचाई होती है। बारिश के मौसम में बाहरी सिंचाई की आवश्यकता कम होती है। मिट्टी में नमी की जाँच करके सिंचाई करनी चाहिए।
Q4. खरपतवार क्या हैं और इनसे क्या हानि होती है?
खरपतवार अवांछित पौधे हैं जो फसल के साथ उगते हैं। ये मिट्टी से पोषक तत्व और जल ग्रहण करते हैं। फसल को पूरी पोषकता नहीं मिलती। खरपतवार से रोग भी फैलते हैं। फसल की पैदावार में कमी आती है। खरपतवार को निकालना फसल उत्पादन का महत्वपूर्ण कार्य है।
Q5. जैविक खाद क्या है और इसका महत्व क्या है?
जैविक खाद जानवरों के मल-मूत्र और पौधों के अवशेषों से बनाई जाती है। इसे कम्पोस्ट, गोबर की खाद और हरी खाद कहा जाता है। जैविक खाद मिट्टी की उर्वरता बढ़ाती है। इससे मिट्टी में जैव पदार्थ की मात्रा बढ़ती है। यह रासायनिक खाद से सस्ती और सुरक्षित है।
Q6. फसल कटाई और भंडारण कैसे किया जाता है?
फसल कटाई परिपक्वता के समय की जाती है। अनाज को सूखाया जाता है ताकि नमी कम हो। अनाज को साफ किया जाता है। भंडारण के समय बीमारियों से बचाव किया जाता है। ठीक तापमान और नमी के स्तर पर भंडारण किया जाता है। कीटनाशकों का प्रयोग करके भंडारित अनाज को सुरक्षित रखा जाता है।
Crop Production and Management — Practice MCQs with Answers
Attempt these 20 multiple-choice questions after working through the solutions above. Each carries the correct option and the reasoning behind it, so a wrong answer tells you which idea to revisit.
MCQ 1. When plants of the same kind are cultivated on a large scale at one place, what is it called?
- A. Garden
- B. Crop
- C. Forest
- D. Field
Answer: B. Crop — A crop is defined as plants of the same kind grown on a large scale at a particular place for food, fibre, or other products.
MCQ 2. Which of the following is an example of a Kharif crop?
- A. Wheat
- B. Gram
- C. Paddy
- D. Pea
Answer: C. Paddy — Kharif crops are sown during the rainy season, typically from June to September. Paddy (rice) is a prime example of a Kharif crop.
MCQ 3. Which of these crops is typically sown in the winter season in India?
- A. Maize
- B. Paddy
- C. Wheat
- D. Soyabean
Answer: C. Wheat — Rabi crops are grown in the winter season, generally from October to March. Wheat, gram, and mustard are common Rabi crops.
MCQ 4. What is the first and foremost step in crop production?
- A. Sowing
- B. Irrigation
- C. Preparation of soil
- D. Harvesting
Answer: C. Preparation of soil — Preparing the soil by ploughing, tilling, and levelling is the initial and most crucial step before planting any seeds.
MCQ 5. The process of loosening and turning the soil is called:
- A. Sowing
- B. Weeding
- C. Tilling or Ploughing
- D. Harvesting
Answer: C. Tilling or Ploughing — Tilling or ploughing helps in aerating the soil, allowing roots to penetrate deeper and absorb water and nutrients more effectively.
MCQ 6. Which agricultural implement is primarily used for removing weeds and loosening the soil?
- A. Plough
- B. Hoe
- C. Cultivator
- D. Seed Drill
Answer: B. Hoe — A hoe is a simple tool with a long rod and a broad, bent plate of iron, commonly used for removing weeds and breaking up soil crust.
MCQ 7. Why is sowing seeds at an appropriate depth important?
- A. To attract birds
- B. To prevent damage by animals and ensure proper germination
- C. To make them easy to harvest
- D. To increase soil fertility
Answer: B. To prevent damage by animals and ensure proper germination — Sowing seeds at the correct depth ensures they are protected from birds and animals, receive adequate moisture, and have optimal conditions for germination.
MCQ 8. Which of these is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste?
- A. Fertilizer
- B. Pesticide
- C. Manure
- D. Weedicide
Answer: C. Manure — Manure is a natural substance formed by the decomposition of organic matter, enriching the soil with humus and essential nutrients.
MCQ 9. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can lead to:
- A. Increased soil fertility
- B. Soil erosion
- C. Water pollution
- D. Improved soil texture
Answer: C. Water pollution — Chemical fertilizers can leach into groundwater or run off into water bodies, causing eutrophication and polluting aquatic ecosystems.
MCQ 10. The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called:
- A. Ploughing
- B. Weeding
- C. Irrigation
- D. Harvesting
Answer: C. Irrigation — Irrigation is the controlled application of water to land to assist in the production of crops, essential for growth and nutrient absorption.
MCQ 11. Which of the following is NOT a modern method of irrigation?
- A. Sprinkler system
- B. Drip system
- C. Rahat (Lever system)
- D. Both A and B
Answer: C. Rahat (Lever system) — Rahat, Moat (pulley system), and Dekhli are traditional methods, while sprinkler and drip systems are modern, water-efficient irrigation techniques.
MCQ 12. Undesirable plants that grow along with the crop are called:
- A. Fungi
- B. Insects
- C. Weeds
- D. Herbs
Answer: C. Weeds — Weeds are unwanted plants that compete with the main crop for water, nutrients, space, and light, thereby reducing crop yield.
MCQ 13. What is the primary purpose of weeding?
- A. To provide extra nutrients to the soil
- B. To protect the crop from pests
- C. To remove unwanted plants that compete with crops
- D. To make the soil more fertile
Answer: C. To remove unwanted plants that compete with crops — Weeding is the process of removing weeds to eliminate their competition with the crop, ensuring the crop receives sufficient resources for optimal growth.
MCQ 14. Which of the following is a commonly used weedicide?
- A. Urea
- B. 2,4-D
- C. NPK
- D. DDT
Answer: B. 2,4-D — 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a synthetic auxin used as a herbicide to control broadleaf weeds without harming cereal crops.
MCQ 15. The cutting of a mature crop after it is ripe is called:
- A. Sowing
- B. Threshing
- C. Harvesting
- D. Winnowing
Answer: C. Harvesting — Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields, signifying the end of the crop production cycle.
MCQ 16. Which tool is traditionally used for manual harvesting of crops?
- A. Cultivator
- B. Seed drill
- C. Sickle
- D. Hoe
Answer: C. Sickle — A sickle is a curved hand-held agricultural tool with a sharp blade, commonly used for manually cutting and gathering crops.
MCQ 17. The process of separating the grain from the chaff is known as:
- A. Sowing
- B. Winnowing
- C. Threshing
- D. Harvesting
Answer: C. Threshing — Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain from the straw and chaff, which can be done manually or with machines.
MCQ 18. A 'combine' machine is used for which two processes simultaneously?
- A. Sowing and Tilling
- B. Harvesting and Threshing
- C. Weeding and Irrigation
- D. Ploughing and Sowing
Answer: B. Harvesting and Threshing — A combine harvester is a machine that combines reaping (harvesting), threshing, and winnowing into a single, efficient process.
MCQ 19. What is done with the harvested grains to protect them from moisture, insects, rats, and microorganisms?
- A. Left in the field
- B. Stored improperly
- C. Dried thoroughly before storage
- D. Burned
Answer: C. Dried thoroughly before storage — Thorough drying reduces the moisture content in grains, which is crucial for preventing spoilage by pests and microbial growth during storage.
MCQ 20. Large-scale storage of grains is done in:
- A. Jute bags
- B. Metallic bins
- C. Silos and Granaries
- D. Plastic containers
Answer: C. Silos and Granaries — Silos and granaries are specialized, large-scale structures designed for safe and protected storage of grains, guarding against pests and environmental factors.
How to Use These Solutions
Attempt each question yourself first and only then compare with the worked answer. Marks in the CBSE board exam are awarded for the METHOD as much as the final result, so reproduce the steps rather than memorising the last line. Where a solution states a law, a formula or a definition, learn that wording — examiners look for it.
Related practice for this chapter: chapter MCQs, previous-year questions, revision notes and sample papers.