Transportation in Animals and Plants — Class 7 Science NCERT Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 7 Science chapter "Transportation in Animals and Plants" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.
TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 7 Science chapter "Transportation in Animals and Plants" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for…
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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science — Transportation in Animals and Plants. Step-by-step answers to all 8 textbook questions from this chapter, written for CBSE board preparation and free to use.
Transportation in Animals and Plants — All 8 Questions Solved
Q1. What is transportation in organisms?
Transportation is the process of carrying substances from one part of the organism to another.
In animals: circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, oxygen and hormones.
In plants: xylem transports water and mineral salts; phloem transports food.
Q2. Name the main components of blood.
Blood consists of:
1. Plasma: Liquid component carrying nutrients, waste and hormones
2. Red blood cells (RBC): Carry oxygen
3. White blood cells (WBC): Protect against infections
4. Platelets: Help in blood clotting
Q3. Define the term 'circulation' in the context of blood.
Circulation is the continuous flow of blood through the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all cells and removes waste products.
The heart acts as a pump to push blood through the circulatory system.
Q4. What is the function of arteries and veins?
Arteries:
- Carry blood away from the heart
- Blood in arteries is oxygenated (except pulmonary artery)
- Have thick, muscular walls
- Blood moves in pulses
Veins:
- Carry blood towards the heart
- Blood in veins is deoxygenated (except pulmonary vein)
- Have thin walls with valves
- Blood flow is slow and steady
Q5. What is the structure and function of xylem in plants?
Xylem is a vascular tissue in plants composed of:
- Tracheids and vessels: Conduct water
- Fibres: Provide support
- Parenchyma: Store food
Function: Transports water and mineral salts from roots to all parts of the plant.
Transport is unidirectional (upward only).
Q6. Describe the structure and function of phloem tissue.
Phloem consists of:
- Sieve tubes: Conduct food
- Companion cells: Assist sieve tubes
- Fibres: Provide support
- Parenchyma: Store food
Function: Transports manufactured food (glucose) from leaves to all parts of the plant.
Transport is bidirectional (up and down as needed).
Q7. Explain the process of transpiration in plants.
Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by roots and released as water vapour through leaves.
Process: Water → Roots → Xylem → Leaves → Evaporation from leaf surface
Functions: Cools the plant, maintains turgor pressure, helps mineral transport.
Transpiration is affected by temperature, humidity, wind and light.
Q8. How does the lymphatic system complement the circulatory system?
Lymphatic system:
- Collects excess tissue fluid (lymph) from tissues
- Drains lymph into the blood through lymph nodes
- Contains white blood cells (lymphocytes) for immunity
- Lacks a pump; moves by muscle contractions
It complements circulation by returning interstitial fluid to blood and fighting infections.
Transportation in Animals and Plants — Practice MCQs with Answers
Attempt these 20 multiple-choice questions after working through the solutions above. Each carries the correct option and the reasoning behind it, so a wrong answer tells you which idea to revisit.
MCQ 1. Which component of blood helps in fighting against germs and infections?
- A. Red Blood Cells
- B. White Blood Cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Plasma
Answer: B. White Blood Cells — White Blood Cells (WBCs) are the soldiers of our body, protecting us from various infections and diseases by attacking harmful microorganisms.
MCQ 2. The process of evaporation of water from the leaves of plants is known as:
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Respiration
- C. Transpiration
- D. Osmosis
Answer: C. Transpiration — Transpiration is the process where water vapor is released from the aerial parts of a plant, primarily through small pores called stomata on the leaves.
MCQ 3. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body. Which artery is an exception to this rule?
- A. Aorta
- B. Pulmonary artery
- C. Carotid artery
- D. Renal artery
Answer: B. Pulmonary artery — The pulmonary artery is unique because it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, unlike other arteries that carry oxygenated blood.
MCQ 4. What is the main function of the xylem tissue in plants?
- A. Transport food
- B. Transport water and minerals
- C. Store food
- D. Provide structural support
Answer: B. Transport water and minerals — Xylem is a vascular tissue in plants responsible for the upward transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
MCQ 5. The instrument used by doctors to amplify the sound of the heartbeat is called a:
- A. Microscope
- B. Barometer
- C. Stethoscope
- D. Telescope
Answer: C. Stethoscope — A stethoscope is a medical instrument used for listening to internal sounds of an animal or human body, such as heartbeats or breathing sounds.
MCQ 6. Which part of the blood helps in the clotting of blood at the site of injury?
- A. Red Blood Cells
- B. White Blood Cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Plasma
Answer: C. Platelets — Platelets are tiny blood cells that form clots to stop bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged, preventing excessive blood loss.
MCQ 7. In plants, what is the role of root hairs?
- A. To hold the plant firmly in the soil
- B. To absorb water and minerals from the soil
- C. To store food
- D. To help in photosynthesis
Answer: B. To absorb water and minerals from the soil — Root hairs are tiny, hair-like extensions of root epidermal cells that significantly increase the surface area for efficient absorption of water and mineral nutrients from the soil.
MCQ 8. Veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood back to the heart. Which vein is an exception?
- A. Vena cava
- B. Jugular vein
- C. Pulmonary vein
- D. Femoral vein
Answer: C. Pulmonary vein — The pulmonary vein is unique as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart, contradicting the general function of veins.
MCQ 9. What is the function of the phloem tissue in plants?
- A. Transport water from roots
- B. Transport food (sugars) from leaves
- C. Provide support
- D. Absorb sunlight
Answer: B. Transport food (sugars) from leaves — Phloem is a living vascular tissue that transports sugars, produced during photosynthesis in the leaves, to all other parts of the plant where they are needed for growth or storage.
MCQ 10. The liquid part of the blood, which is yellowish in color and contains 90% water, is known as:
- A. Red Blood Cells
- B. White Blood Cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Plasma
Answer: D. Plasma — Plasma is the largest component of blood, carrying blood cells, proteins, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
MCQ 11. What is the average adult human pulse rate at rest?
- A. 30-40 beats per minute
- B. 72-80 beats per minute
- C. 100-110 beats per minute
- D. 120-130 beats per minute
Answer: B. 72-80 beats per minute — The pulse rate indicates the number of times the heart beats in a minute. For an adult at rest, a healthy pulse rate typically ranges from 72 to 80 beats per minute.
MCQ 12. Which of the following is NOT a component of the human excretory system?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Ureters
- C. Stomach
- D. Urinary bladder
Answer: C. Stomach — The excretory system in humans includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, which are responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products. The stomach is part of the digestive system.
MCQ 13. The process by which roots absorb water from the soil is primarily through:
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Transpiration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Respiration
Answer: C. Osmosis — Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane, which is how root cells absorb water.
MCQ 14. Which chamber of the human heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Answer: D. Left ventricle — The left ventricle has the strongest walls and pumps oxygenated blood with great force into the aorta, which then distributes it to the entire body.
MCQ 15. What are the small pores on the surface of leaves through which transpiration occurs called?
- A. Chloroplasts
- B. Stomata
- C. Lenticels
- D. Veins
Answer: B. Stomata — Stomata are microscopic pores, mainly on the epidermis of leaves, that regulate gas exchange and water transpiration between the plant and the atmosphere.
MCQ 16. Dialysis is a procedure used for people with failed kidneys. What does it do?
- A. Supplies nutrients to the body
- B. Filters blood and removes waste products
- C. Pumps blood through the body
- D. Produces hormones
Answer: B. Filters blood and removes waste products — Dialysis is an artificial process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so effectively.
MCQ 17. Which type of blood vessel has very thin walls, usually one cell thick, to allow easy exchange of substances?
- A. Arteries
- B. Veins
- C. Capillaries
- D. All of the above
Answer: C. Capillaries — Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, forming networks that facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body tissues.
MCQ 18. The primary force responsible for the upward movement of water and minerals in tall plants is:
- A. Root pressure
- B. Transpiration pull
- C. Capillary action
- D. Gravity
Answer: B. Transpiration pull — Transpiration pull creates a suction force that pulls water molecules upwards through the xylem vessels from the roots to the leaves, acting as the main driver for water transport in tall plants.
MCQ 19. Which of the following statements about the heart's septum is correct?
- A. It allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
- B. It is a muscle wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
- C. It only separates the atria.
- D. It is responsible for pumping blood.
Answer: B. It is a muscle wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart. — The septum is a muscular wall that divides the heart into right and left sides, effectively preventing the mixing of oxygenated blood (left side) and deoxygenated blood (right side).
MCQ 20. Why do animals like earthworms and Hydra not have a specific circulatory system like humans?
- A. They are too small to need one.
- B. They don't need oxygen.
- C. Their body structure allows direct exchange of substances with their surroundings.
- D. They only absorb food and do not excrete waste.
Answer: C. Their body structure allows direct exchange of substances with their surroundings. — Simpler organisms like earthworms and Hydra have a thin body wall or sac-like structure that allows direct diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products with their environment, eliminating the need for a complex circulatory system.
How to Use These Solutions
Attempt each question yourself first and only then compare with the worked answer. Marks in the CBSE board exam are awarded for the METHOD as much as the final result, so reproduce the steps rather than memorising the last line. Where a solution states a law, a formula or a definition, learn that wording — examiners look for it.
Related practice for this chapter: chapter MCQs, previous-year questions, revision notes and sample papers.