Plant Kingdom — Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions (Free)
Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 11 Biology chapter "Plant Kingdom" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam preparation.
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TL;DR: Free step-by-step NCERT solutions for Class 11 Biology chapter "Plant Kingdom" — 8 important questions with detailed answers for CBSE board exam prepa…
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Key Questions Covered:
- Define bryophytes and state two characteristics.
- What is alternation of generations? Explain with reference to ferns.
- Name five adaptations of seed plants to terrestrial life.
- Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
- What is a sporophyll? How does it differ from a vegetative leaf?
- Describe the structure of a typical angiosperm flower with labeled parts.
- + 2 more questions in the full chapter
Solutions Summary:
| Question | Status |
|---|---|
| Define bryophytes and state two characteristics. | ✓ Solved |
| What is alternation of generations? Explain with referenc… | ✓ Solved |
| Name five adaptations of seed plants to terrestrial life. | ✓ Solved |
| Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms. | ✓ Solved |
| What is a sporophyll? How does it differ from a vegetativ… | ✓ Solved |
| Describe the structure of a typical angiosperm flower wit… | ✓ Solved |
Showing 6 of 8 questions
Q1: Define bryophytes and state two characteristics.
Bryophytes are small, non-vascular land plants that lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Two characteristics:
1. Absence of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem); water and nutrients absorbed and transported by diffusion.
2. Require moist environments for reproduction; possess flagellated sperms requiring water to swim to egg.
Q2: What is alternation of generations? Explain with reference to ferns.
Alternation of generations is the occurrence of two distinct multicellular forms in the life cycle of an organism: a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte, each reproducing by different methods.
In ferns:
- Sporophyte (diploid, 2n): The large visible fern plant with roots, stems, and fronds. Produces spores through meiosis in sporangia (located on underside of fronds).
- Gametophyte (haploid, n): The prothallus, a small, heart-shaped green structure. Produces gametes (sperm and egg) thro...
Q3: Name five adaptations of seed plants to terrestrial life.
Five adaptations of seed plants to terrestrial life:
1. Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem): Allows transport of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant, reducing dependence on external water.
2. Roots: Anchor plant and absorb water and minerals from soil.
3. Waxy cuticle: Reduces water loss through evaporation from leaves.
4. Stomata with guard cells: Regulate gas exchange and water loss.
5. Seeds with protective coat and stored food: Ensure embryo survival in dry conditions and enab...
Q4: Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms:
- Naked seeds not enclosed in a fruit.
- No flowers; reproductive structures are cones.
- Ovule not enclosed in an ovary.
- Xylem lacks vessels; contains only tracheids.
- Examples: Pines, cedars, spruces.
Angiosperms:
- Seeds enclosed within a fruit.
- Flowers present; reproductive structures specialized for pollination.
- Ovule enclosed in an ovary (pistil).
- Xylem contains both vessels and tracheids.
- Double fertilization produces endosperm.
- Examples: Roses, wheat, beans.
Q5: What is a sporophyll? How does it differ from a vegetative leaf?
A sporophyll is a modified leaf that bears sporangia (structures containing spores). It is specialized for reproduction.
Differences from vegetative leaf:
1. Vegetative leaves perform photosynthesis and gas exchange; sporophylls are primarily reproductive in function.
2. Sporophylls bear sporangia on their surface or margins; vegetative leaves do not.
3. Sporophylls may show reduced blade size and different morphology adapted for spore protection and dispersal.
4. In ferns, sporophylls often ap...
Q6: Describe the structure of a typical angiosperm flower with labeled parts.
A typical angiosperm flower structure:
1. Receptacle: Enlarged tip of floral stalk bearing all flower parts.
2. Sepals (calyx): Leaf-like protective structures, usually green, arranged in a whorl below petals.
3. Petals (corolla): Colorful structures attracting pollinators, arranged in a whorl.
4. Stamens (androecium): Male reproductive organs; each consisting of a filament (stalk) and anther (pollen-producing structure).
5. Carpel/Pistil (gynoecium): Female reproductive organ; consists of stig...
Showing 6 of 8 questions. Visit the full page for complete solutions.
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