Electrostatics (Class 12 Physics)
Study electric charges, electric fields, and electric potential. Master Coulombs law and its applications.
TL;DR: Study electric charges, electric fields, and electric potential. Master Coulombs law and its applications.
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Study electric charges, electric fields, and electric potential. Master Coulombs law and its applications.
Electrostatics MCQs with Answers & Explanations
Q1. What is electric charge?
- Force on an object
- Property of matter that causes electromagnetic interaction ✓ (correct)
- Energy of a system
- Type of radiation
Explanation: Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter. It exists in two forms: positive and negative. Charges interact through electric forces.
Q2. What is Coulombs Law?
- F = ma
- V = IR
- F = kq₁q₂/r² ✓ (correct)
- E = mc²
Explanation: Coulombs Law states that the electric force between two charges is proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of distance: F = kq₁q₂/r².
Q3. What is the SI unit of electric charge?
- Joule
- Volt
- Ampere
- Coulomb ✓ (correct)
Explanation: The SI unit of electric charge is Coulomb (C). 1 Coulomb is the charge of approximately 6.24 × 10¹⁸ electrons.
Q4. What is an electric field?
- Region around a charge where force is exerted ✓ (correct)
- Magnetic field
- Gravitational field
- Flow of charge
Explanation: An electric field is the region around a charge where another charge experiences an electric force. Electric field strength E = F/q.
Q5. What is electric potential?
- Charge accumulation
- Work done per unit charge to move charge ✓ (correct)
- Current flow
- Electric field strength
Explanation: Electric potential is the work done per unit positive charge to move the charge from infinity to that point. Measured in Volts (V).
Q6. What is the electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium?
- Undefined
- Constant
- Zero ✓ (correct)
- Maximum
Explanation: Inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium, the electric field is zero. Charges distribute on the surface only.
Q7. What is a dielectric material?
- Magnetic material
- Radioactive material
- Conductor
- Non-conducting material that can be polarized ✓ (correct)
Explanation: A dielectric is a non-conducting material that becomes polarized in an electric field. It increases the capacitance of capacitors.
Q8. What is Gauss Law?
- Total electric flux through closed surface = q/ε₀ ✓ (correct)
- P = VI
- V = IR
- F = ma
Explanation: Gauss Law relates electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. It is one of Maxwells equations.
Q9. What is electric potential energy?
- Kinetic energy of charge
- Work done to assemble charges configuration ✓ (correct)
- Energy dissipated
- Magnetic energy
Explanation: Electric potential energy is the work needed to assemble a configuration of charges. It depends on relative positions of charges.
Q10. What is the relationship between electric field and electric potential?
- E = d/V
- E = V×d
- E = -dV/dr ✓ (correct)
- E = V/d
Explanation: Electric field is related to potential by E = -dV/dr. Field points in direction of decreasing potential.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do like charges repel and opposite charges attract?
This is explained by Coulombs Law. The mathematical form (positive product repels, negative product attracts) reflects fundamental electromagnetic interactions between charges.
What is the difference between electric field and electric potential?
Electric field is the force per unit charge (N/C or V/m). Electric potential is the work per unit charge (Joules/Coulomb or Volts). Field is a vector; potential is a scalar.
More Class 12 Physics MCQs
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