Reproduction and Development (Class 12 Biology)
Study sexual and asexual reproduction, gametogenesis, embryonic development, and reproductive health in humans.
TL;DR: Study sexual and asexual reproduction, gametogenesis, embryonic development, and reproductive health in humans.
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Study sexual and asexual reproduction, gametogenesis, embryonic development, and reproductive health in humans.
Reproduction and Development MCQs with Answers & Explanations
Q1. What is reproduction?
- Respiration
- Feeding process
- Growth of organisms
- Process of producing new organisms ✓ (correct)
Explanation: Reproduction is the biological process by which new individuals are produced. It is essential for species continuation.
Q2. What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
- Genetic variation and better adaptation ✓ (correct)
- Faster reproduction
- Simpler process
- Less energy required
Explanation: Sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring through combination of genetic material from two parents, enhancing adaptation and survival chances.
Q3. What is gametogenesis?
- Growth of organism
- Formation of gametes through meiosis ✓ (correct)
- Formation of embryo
- Formation of zygote
Explanation: Gametogenesis is the process of gamete (sperm and ovum) formation through meiosis. It results in haploid cells with half the chromosome number.
Q4. How many chromosomes does a human ovum contain?
- 24
- 92
- 23 ✓ (correct)
- 46
Explanation: A human ovum is haploid and contains 23 chromosomes. When fertilized by a sperm (also 23), the zygote becomes diploid with 46 chromosomes.
Q5. What is the function of the fallopian tube?
- Fetal development
- Hormone storage
- Hormone production
- Transport of ovum and site of fertilization ✓ (correct)
Explanation: The fallopian tube transports the ovum released from the ovary and is the usual site of fertilization. The zygote develops here for 3-4 days.
Q6. What is implantation?
- Embedding of blastocyst in uterine wall ✓ (correct)
- Formation of embryo
- Development of placenta
- Formation of zygote
Explanation: Implantation is the embedding of the blastocyst into the uterine wall, usually 6-8 days after fertilization. This marks the beginning of pregnancy.
Q7. What is the function of the placenta?
- Protect fetus from infection only
- Exchange of materials between fetus and mother ✓ (correct)
- Store nutrients
- Produce hormones only
Explanation: The placenta facilitates exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between maternal and fetal blood without direct mixing.
Q8. How long is the human gestation period?
- 3 months
- 12 months
- 9 months (approximately 280 days) ✓ (correct)
- 6 months
Explanation: Human gestation period is approximately 280 days (about 9 months). It is divided into three trimesters.
Q9. What is the secondary sex ratio at birth?
- Variable
- More females than males
- 1:1 male to female
- More males than females ✓ (correct)
Explanation: The secondary sex ratio is approximately 105-106 males per 100 females. This reflects sex chromosome inheritance patterns.
Q10. What is the role of the corpus luteum?
- Produce progesterone to maintain pregnancy ✓ (correct)
- Produce eggs
- Release eggs
- Store sperm
Explanation: The corpus luteum is formed after ovulation from the remnant of the ovarian follicle. It produces progesterone essential for maintaining pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis in reproduction?
Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells for growth and repair. Meiosis produces four genetically different haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
What is infertility and its common causes?
Infertility is inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex. Causes include hormonal imbalances, reproductive anatomy problems, infections, and genetic factors.
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