What is Mutation? Definition, Meaning & Example
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
TL;DR: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
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Mutation: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
Explanation
Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses. Some mutations are neutral and have no effect. Some mutations are beneficial and improve survival. Others are harmful and reduce fitness. Mutations can be small changes in a single gene or large changes affecting many genes. Common types include point mutations where one nucleotide changes, insertions where nucleotides are added, and deletions where nucleotides are removed. Mutations are the source of genetic variation in populations. While most mutations are harmful, beneficial mutations drive evolution and adaptation.
Example
A mutation in the gene for eye color might change brown eyes to blue eyes in a person.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are all mutations harmful?
No, many mutations are neutral with no effect. Some mutations are beneficial and improve survival or reproduction. Only a fraction of mutations are harmful. The rarity of beneficial mutations is why evolution requires many generations.
How do mutations lead to evolution?
Beneficial mutations increase in frequency in populations because individuals with them survive and reproduce more successfully. Over many generations, beneficial mutations become common, leading to evolution and adaptation to the environment.
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