What is Insulator? Definition, Meaning & Example
An insulator is a material that does not allow electric current to flow easily through it.
TL;DR: An insulator is a material that does not allow electric current to flow easily through it.
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Insulator: An insulator is a material that does not allow electric current to flow easily through it.
Explanation
Insulators have very few free electrons, making it difficult for current to flow. Common insulators include rubber, plastic, glass, and wood. Insulators are poor conductors of electricity and are used to prevent unwanted current flow and protect people from electrical shock. The best insulators have high resistivity. Insulators are important for electrical safety, allowing wires to be handled and used safely. Insulators also resist heat flow, making them useful for thermal insulation. Some materials like semiconductors have properties between conductors and insulators. The difference between conductors and insulators is in the availability of free electrons.
Example
Rubber is an insulator, so rubber gloves provide electrical protection when handling electrical equipment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do insulators not conduct electricity?
Insulators have electrons tightly bound to atoms. These electrons cannot move freely to constitute electric current. The energy barrier for electrons to become mobile is very high, so almost no current flows.
Can an insulator ever become a conductor?
Yes, under extreme conditions. Very high voltages can ionize insulators, making electrons free to move. Very high temperatures can also provide enough energy for electrons to overcome binding energies. Normally, insulators remain insulators under practical conditions.
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