What is Gene? Definition, Meaning & Example
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein and is the basic unit of heredity.
TL;DR: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein and is the basic unit of heredity.
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Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein and is the basic unit of heredity.
Explanation
Genes contain instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Humans have approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes located on chromosomes. Alleles are different versions of the same gene, explaining why people have different traits. Dominant alleles are expressed even with one copy, while recessive alleles require two copies. DNA in genes is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins. Genetic mutations can change genes, sometimes causing disease. Understanding genes is crucial for understanding heredity, evolution, and genetic diseases. Gene therapy is an emerging treatment that modifies genes to cure genetic diseases.
Example
The gene for eye color determines whether you have brown, blue, or green eyes. You inherit one allele from each parent.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between genes and alleles?
A gene is a DNA segment coding for a trait. Alleles are different versions of the same gene with different effects.
How are traits inherited?
Traits are inherited through genes passed from parents to offspring. Each parent contributes one allele for each gene.
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