Class 10 Physics & Numerics Formula Sheet (PDF) — All Important Formulas Free
Free class 10 physics & numerics formula sheet — all 31 key formulas on one page, downloadable as PDF for fast revision before CBSE board exams. No signup.
TL;DR: Free class 10 physics & numerics formula sheet — all 31 key formulas on one page, downloadable as PDF for fast revision before CBSE board exams. No si…
Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated
Essential physics formulas for CBSE Class 10 Science. Covers optics, electricity, magnetism, and human eye. All SI units.
Light & Mirrors
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Mirror Formula | 1/f = 1/u + 1/v — f = focal length, u = object distance, v = image distance. Sign convention: real (+), virtual (-) |
| Magnification (Mirror) | m = -v/u = h'/h — h = object height, h' = image height. m negative = inverted image |
| Focal Length | f = R/2 — R = radius of curvature. Concave mirror f > 0, convex f < 0 |
Lenses
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Lens Formula | 1/f = 1/u + 1/v — Same as mirrors. Convex lens f > 0, concave f < 0 |
| Magnification (Lens) | m = v/u = h'/h — For lenses, m positive = erect, m negative = inverted |
| Power of Lens | P = 1/f (in metres) — P in diopters (D). 1 D = 1 m⁻¹ |
| Lens Maker's Formula | 1/f = (n-1)[1/R₁ - 1/R₂] — n = refractive index, R₁ & R₂ = radii of curvature |
Electricity & Ohm's Law
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Ohm's Law | V = IR — V = potential difference (V), I = current (A), R = resistance (Ω) |
| Resistivity | R = ρL/A — ρ = resistivity (Ω⋅m), L = length (m), A = cross-section (m²) |
| Resistances in Series | Rₜₒₜₐₗ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ — Same current through all, voltages add |
| Resistances in Parallel | 1/Rₜₒₜₐₗ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ — Same voltage across all, currents add |
| Electric Power | P = VI = I²R = V²/R — P in watts (W). Thermal energy = Pt = VIt |
| Joule's Law | H = I²Rt — H = heat energy (J), t = time (s) |
Magnetic Effects of Current
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Magnetic Field (Straight Wire) | B = μ₀I/(2πr) — B in tesla (T), r = distance from wire, μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ T⋅m/A |
| Magnetic Field (Circular Coil) | B = μ₀nI/2 — n = number of turns per unit length, I = current |
| Force on Current-Carrying Wire | F = BIL sin θ — B = magnetic field (T), L = length of wire (m), θ = angle with B |
| Fleming's Left-Hand Rule | F = BIL (perpendicular to both B and I) — Thumb = force, Index = field (→), Middle = current (I) |
Human Eye & Vision
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Power of Accommodation | P = Pf - Pn — Power change when eye shifts from far to near point. Pf = far, Pn = near |
| Near Point & Far Point | Near point ≈ 25 cm (for normal eye) — Far point ≈ ∞. Both shift with age (presbyopia) |
| Lens for Defects | P_correction = P_eye_defect (opposite sign) — Myopia → concave, hyperopia → convex, presbyopia → bifocals |
Refraction & Critical Angle
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Snell's Law | n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂ — n = refractive index, θ = angle of incidence/refraction |
| Critical Angle | sin θc = n₂/n₁ (when n₁ > n₂) — θc = critical angle. Total internal reflection occurs at θ > θc |
| Refractive Index | n = c/v — c = speed of light in vacuum (3×10⁸ m/s), v = speed in medium |
Kinematics (Motion) Basics
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Speed & Velocity | v = s/t (average), v = ds/dt (instantaneous) — s = distance (m), t = time (s) |
| Acceleration | a = (v - u)/t — u = initial velocity, v = final velocity |
| Equation of Motion 1 | v = u + at — Linear motion with constant acceleration |
| Equation of Motion 2 | s = ut + ½at² — Displacement, u = initial velocity |
Forces & Work
| Formula | Expression |
|---|---|
| Newton's Second Law | F = ma — F = force (N), m = mass (kg), a = acceleration (m/s²) |
| Work Done | W = Fs cos θ — F = force, s = displacement, θ = angle between F and s |
| Kinetic Energy | Ek = ½mv² — m = mass, v = velocity |
| Potential Energy (Gravity) | Ep = mgh — m = mass, g = 10 m/s² (or 9.8), h = height |
FAQs
When to use mirror formula vs lens formula?
Both use 1/f = 1/u + 1/v, but sign conventions differ. Mirrors: real (+), virtual (-). Lenses: always use the same rule. Check focal length sign: concave/convex mirror, convex/concave lens.
What's the difference between magnification signs in mirrors vs lenses?
Mirrors: m = -v/u (negative = inverted). Lenses: m = v/u (positive = erect). Negative m means real, inverted image in both cases.
How do I remember Ohm's law relationships?
V = IR is the main law. Power = VI = I²R = V²/R. Heat (Joule) = I²Rt. Keep a triangle: V at top, I and R at bottom.