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Diagram of a Neuron (with Labels) Explained

A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals throughout your body. Understanding its structure is key to learning how

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TL;DR: A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals throughout your body. Understanding its structure is key to learnin…

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 23, 2026

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Diagram of a Neuron (with Labels): A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals throughout your body. Understanding its structure is key to learning how

Diagram of a Neuron (with Labels) Explained Simply

A neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals throughout your body. Understanding its structure is key to learning how This is a key Biology concept for 10.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon?

Dendrites are multiple short, branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. An axon is a single, long projection that sends signals away from the soma. Signals flow in one direction: dendrites to soma to axon.

What are neurotransmitters and how do they work?

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released by the axon terminal of one neuron. They diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the next neuron's dendrite, triggering or inhibiting a new signal.

Why do some neurons have myelin and others do not?

Myelinated neurons transmit signals much faster due to saltatory conduction. Neurons requiring fast transmission (motor neurons, sensory neurons) are myelinated. Neurons in the brain or those that don't require speed may be unmyelinated. The trade-off is energy efficiency.

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