Home › coding › sql › sql cte

Sql Cte — Free Sql Tutorial

Learn Sql Cte in Sql with a free, beginner-friendly tutorial, examples and practice for Indian students on Syllab.in.

✓ 100% Free ✓ No Login Needed ✓ NCERT / CBSE Aligned ✓ Download as PDF

TL;DR: Learn Sql Cte in Sql with a free, beginner-friendly tutorial, examples and practice for Indian students on Syllab.in.

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 14, 2026

🤖 Stuck on any question? Ask Syllab's free AI Tutor for a step-by-step explanation — instant, unlimited, no login.

Sql Cte in Sql

A CTE (Common Table Expression) is a named temporary result set defined with the WITH clause. It makes complex queries readable by breaking them into named, reusable steps — like variables in SQL.

Without CTEs, complex queries use deeply nested subqueries that are hard to read and debug. CTEs let you define each logical step separately with a meaningful name, then reference it like a table.

Multiple CTEs: You can chain several CTEs separated by commas, where each can reference previous ones. This creates a readable step-by-step analytics pipeline.

Recursive CTEs reference themselves, enabling traversal of hierarchical data like org charts, category trees, and bill of materials.

Sql Cte — Syntax

WITH cte_name AS (
    SELECT ...       -- CTE definition
),
another_cte AS (
    SELECT ... FROM cte_name  -- can reference earlier CTEs
)
SELECT * FROM another_cte;   -- main query

-- Recursive CTE:
WITH RECURSIVE hierarchy AS (
    SELECT id, name, parent_id FROM org WHERE parent_id IS NULL  -- 

Learn Sql Cte step by step with Syllab's free interactive Sql tutorial — runnable code examples, practice exercises and instant AI feedback, all free with no signup. Explore the full Sql course →

Explore:

  • Syllabus
  • Practice
  • Mock Tests
  • NCERT Solutions
  • Coding
  • GK Quiz
  • Career Predictor
  • AI Tutor
  • Live Quiz
  • Doubt Solver
  • Microlearning
  • Free Alternatives
  • Kids Zone
  • Study Room
  • Calculators
  • Worksheets

Syllab.in — Free learning for Indian students, Class 1–12