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Robotics Motor Control — Free Robotics Tutorial

Learn Robotics Motor Control in Robotics with a free, beginner-friendly tutorial, examples and practice for Indian students on Syllab.in.

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TL;DR: Learn Robotics Motor Control in Robotics with a free, beginner-friendly tutorial, examples and practice for Indian students on Syllab.in.

Written & reviewed by the Syllab.in Academic Team (CBSE/NCERT subject experts) · Updated Jul 14, 2026

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Robotics Motor Control in Robotics

Motor control requires: (1) power supply (enough current for motor), (2) motor driver (interfaces microcontroller to motor), (3) PWM signal (varies speed).

The L298N is a popular dual-motor driver. It has two motor outputs (each controlled by 2 pins: direction + speed). PWM on the speed pin ranges 0–255 for 0–100% power.

Differential drive (two motors, independent control) is standard for mobile robots. Left/right speed difference = turning.

Robotics Motor Control — Syntax

// L298N Motor Driver
const int motorAPin1 = 5;   // PWM
const int motorAPin2 = 6;
const int motorBPin1 = 9;   // PWM
const int motorBPin2 = 10;

// Move forward at 200/255 speed
analogWrite(motorAPin1, 200);
digitalWrite(motorAPin2, LOW);
analogWrite(motorBPin1, 200);
digitalWrite(motorBPin2, LOW);

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