Robotics Line Follower — Free Robotics Tutorial

TL;DR: Learn Robotics Line Follower in Robotics with a free, beginner-friendly tutorial, examples and practice for Indian students on Syllab.in.

Robotics Line Follower in Robotics

A line-following robot detects a black line (dark) on white background (or vice versa) using IR sensors. Typical setup: 2–3 IR sensors under the robot.

Logic: if middle sensor sees line, go straight. If left sensor sees line, turn left. If right sensor sees line, turn right. Speed-based turning offers smoother control.

Proportional control: turn speed proportional to error from line. Example: far left = maximum left turn; slightly left = gentle left turn.

// Line follower: 3-sensor setup
const int leftSensor = A0;
const int midSensor = A1;
const int rightSensor = A2;

int threshold = 500;

void loop() {
  int left = analogRead(leftSensor) > threshold;
  int mid = analogRead(midSensor) > threshold;
  int right = analogRead(rightSensor) > threshold;

  if (mid) {
    moveForward(200);
  } else if (left) {
    turnLeft(200);
  } else if (right) {
    turnRight(200);
  }
}

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