Chemical reactions transform substances into new substances through breaking and forming bonds. Classifying reactions into types helps predict product
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How do you determine if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic reactions release energy (heat, light) and feel warm. Combustion and neutralization are typically exothermic. Endothermic reactions absorb energy and feel cold. Decomposition and melting are typically endothermic. The energy term can also be included in the equation.
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What is the difference between a reaction that is spontaneous and one that is fast?
Spontaneous reactions have negative free energy and can occur on their own, but they may be extremely slow. Fast reactions proceed quickly but may not be spontaneous (requiring continuous input). A reaction can be slow and spontaneous or fast and non-spontaneous.
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How do catalysts affect chemical reactions?
Catalysts speed up reactions by providing alternative pathways with lower activation energy. They are not consumed in the reaction and do not appear in the balanced equation. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enable life's chemistry.
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