Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of heredity through experiments with pea plants. His laws explain how traits are inherited from parents
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How do you determine if a brown-eyed child has genotype BB or Bb?
By observing offspring. If the child is crossed with a blue-eyed person (bb) and produces any blue-eyed offspring, the child must be Bb. If all offspring are brown-eyed, child is likely BB. This is called a test cross.
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Why are Mendel's laws important if humans are more complex than pea plants?
Mendel's basic principles of segregation and independent assortment apply to all sexually reproducing organisms, including humans. While human inheritance is complex (many genes, environmental factors), Mendel's laws form the foundation for understanding genetic inheritance.
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What is the difference between F1 and F2 generations?
F1 (First filial) generation is the offspring from crossing two pure-breeding parents (P generation). F2 (Second filial) generation is the offspring from crossing two F1 plants. F2 generation often shows segregation of traits that were hidden in F1.
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