Electrolysis is a process where electrical energy drives non-spontaneous chemical reactions. It involves breaking down compounds by passing electric c
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What is the difference between electrolysis and galvanic cells?
Electrolysis requires external electrical energy to drive non-spontaneous reactions. Galvanic cells use spontaneous redox reactions to generate electrical energy. In a galvanic cell, the cathode is positive; in electrolysis, the cathode is negative (where reduction occurs in both).
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Why is aluminum extracted by electrolysis and not by displacement reactions?
Aluminum is too reactive to be displaced from its oxide by any common reducing agent. Electrolysis directly reduces Al3+ ions to Al metal using electrical energy, which is the only practical industrial method.
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How much energy is required for industrial electrolysis?
Electrolysis is energy-intensive. Aluminum production requires 12-15 kWh per kilogram. The high energy cost is a major expense in the aluminum industry, making the location of smelters dependent on access to cheap electricity.
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