A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. This labelled dia
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What is the difference between ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption?
Ultrafiltration in the glomerulus is a non-selective, high-pressure process forcing small molecules into Bowman's capsule. Selective reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is an active, selective process returning useful substances (glucose, amino acids) back into the peritubular capillaries.
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Why is the loop of Henle important for urine concentration?
The loop of Henle creates a salt gradient in the medulla. The descending limb loses water but gains salt; the ascending limb loses salt but gains no water (impermeable). This gradient allows the collecting duct to reabsorb water efficiently, producing concentrated urine while conserving body water.
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What happens if a person's kidneys cannot produce concentrated urine?
They will produce large volumes of dilute urine and become dehydrated unless they drink compensatory amounts of water. This occurs in conditions like diabetes insipidus, where ADH production or kidney sensitivity to ADH is impaired.
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