An animal cell is a eukaryotic cell without a cell wall or large vacuole. Animal cells are flexible and adapted for movement and specialized functions
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What is the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its outer surface, making it appear bumpy. It synthesizes proteins intended for export or membrane insertion. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids. Both are continuous membrane systems connected to each other and the nuclear envelope.
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What is the role of lysosomes in animal cells?
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes) that break down cellular waste, bacteria, and dead organelles. They are involved in autophagy (digesting old organelles) and phagocytosis (engulfing bacteria). Lysosomes are more prominent in animal cells because animals must actively digest their own materials.
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Why are centrioles important during cell division?
Centrioles serve as the main centrosome, organizing the spindle fibers that pull chromosomes to opposite poles during mitosis. They help form the spindle apparatus that ensures chromosomes segregate correctly during cell division. Most plant cells lack centrioles and use different mechanisms for spindle formation.
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