Class 10 Science (Physics) Formula Poster (Printable PDF, Free) — All 31 Formulas

Light & Mirrors

Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/vf = focal length, u = object distance, v = image distance. Sign convention: real (+), virtual (-)
Magnification (Mirror): m = -v/u = h'/hh = object height, h' = image height. m negative = inverted image
Focal Length: f = R/2R = radius of curvature. Concave mirror f > 0, convex f < 0

Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/vSame as mirrors. Convex lens f > 0, concave f < 0
Magnification (Lens): m = v/u = h'/hFor lenses, m positive = erect, m negative = inverted
Power of Lens: P = 1/f (in metres)P in diopters (D). 1 D = 1 m⁻¹
Lens Maker's Formula: 1/f = (n-1)[1/R₁ - 1/R₂]n = refractive index, R₁ & R₂ = radii of curvature

Ohm's Law: V = IRV = potential difference (V), I = current (A), R = resistance (Ω)
Resistivity: R = ρL/Aρ = resistivity (Ω⋅m), L = length (m), A = cross-section (m²)
Resistances in Series: Rₜₒₜₐₗ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃Same current through all, voltages add
Resistances in Parallel: 1/Rₜₒₜₐₗ = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃Same voltage across all, currents add
Electric Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/RP in watts (W). Thermal energy = Pt = VIt
Joule's Law: H = I²RtH = heat energy (J), t = time (s)

Magnetic Field (Straight Wire): B = μ₀I/(2πr)B in tesla (T), r = distance from wire, μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ T⋅m/A
Magnetic Field (Circular Coil): B = μ₀nI/2n = number of turns per unit length, I = current
Force on Current-Carrying Wire: F = BIL sin θB = magnetic field (T), L = length of wire (m), θ = angle with B
Fleming's Left-Hand Rule: F = BIL (perpendicular to both B and I)Thumb = force, Index = field (→), Middle = current (I)

Power of Accommodation: P = Pf - PnPower change when eye shifts from far to near point. Pf = far, Pn = near
Near Point & Far Point: Near point ≈ 25 cm (for normal eye)Far point ≈ ∞. Both shift with age (presbyopia)
Lens for Defects: P_correction = P_eye_defect (opposite sign)Myopia → concave, hyperopia → convex, presbyopia → bifocals

Snell's Law: n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂n = refractive index, θ = angle of incidence/refraction
Critical Angle: sin θc = n₂/n₁ (when n₁ > n₂)θc = critical angle. Total internal reflection occurs at θ > θc
Refractive Index: n = c/vc = speed of light in vacuum (3×10⁸ m/s), v = speed in medium

Speed & Velocity: v = s/t (average), v = ds/dt (instantaneous)s = distance (m), t = time (s)
Acceleration: a = (v - u)/tu = initial velocity, v = final velocity
Equation of Motion 1: v = u + atLinear motion with constant acceleration
Equation of Motion 2: s = ut + ½at²Displacement, u = initial velocity

Newton's Second Law: F = maF = force (N), m = mass (kg), a = acceleration (m/s²)
Work Done: W = Fs cos θF = force, s = displacement, θ = angle between F and s
Kinetic Energy: Ek = ½mv²m = mass, v = velocity
Potential Energy (Gravity): Ep = mghm = mass, g = 10 m/s² (or 9.8), h = height